Boston, Massachusetts – Sep 12, 2005 —Helping children deal with the
aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is an immediate priority, says child
psychologist Ellen Braaten, Ph.D. Any child, whether personally involved
or exposed to media coverage of a natural disaster, may experience
physical or emotional trauma related to the event. Children look to
adults around them for coping strategies and reassurance. As recovery
operations continue in affected areas, parents and teachers can help
rebuild kids’ lives gradually.

“A child’s reaction will vary depending upon exposure to the event and
the child’s personality. For some, emotional recovery may take months
or even years,” says Braaten. “Reactions to the event may be
immediate, or occur days or even weeks later. The disaster is a double-
whammy for kids already stressing about being back at school. Parents
should monitor their child’s behavior and discuss any concerns with a
pediatrician, teacher or suitably qualified professional.”
Braaten offers the following advice.

1. Listen – Allow the child to express fear and anxiety. Be an
empathetic and non-judgemental listener. Whether the child is three or
13, give them an opportunity to ask questions and talk about the
event. However, don’t push them into talking. Answer questions
appropriately stressing positive solutions, such as, the recovery
underway and people helping others. If appropriate, suggest that the
child come with you to make a charitable donation. Explain that feeling
bad, sad, angry or guilty is normal.

2. Reassure – Try to remain calm, especially when watching the news or
talking to others. Don’t expect kids to be brave or tell them not to cry.
A sense of impending doom or panic can affect some children;
reassure them as best you can that you will be there for them. Parents
can provide extra hugs and try to maintain, where possible, a normal
routine. Normal daily activities maintain the familiarity of a stable
environment. Some senses in particular can evoke painful memories,
for example, images and smells. Be on guard and help them
understand their feelings and reactions. Remind them of past fears
they overcame and how strong they are. Find peers for the child to play
or hang-out with.

3. Recover - “With adult involvement children can develop positive
coping skills and overcome catastrophic events,” says Braaten, author
of “Straight Talk about Psychological Testing for Kids”.  “Over time
children will recover and face the future again.”

Reactions to trauma can occur immediately following the event or
appear days or weeks later. Reactions and fears are normal and
should be expected. The following responses may be experienced,
please consult a qualified professional if you seek further advice or are
concerned.

Reaction to Trauma - Age Appropriate Responses

Preschool Children

Thumbsucking, bedwetting and extreme clinging.
Changes in sleep or eating patterns.
Isolation and withdrawal from other children or adults.

Children 6 - 11 years old

Withdrawal.
Feelings of guilt, anxiety or anxiety.
Disruptive Behavior.
Inability to pay attention.
Sleep problems, nightmares and other regressive behaviors.
Irritability.
Problems attending school or with schoolwork.
Anger and fighted.
Physical symptoms may include stomachaches.

Adolescents 12 - 17 years old

Responses similar to adults.
Flashbacks, panic attacks, nightmares, depression, self-harming or
substance abuse.
Anti-social behavior, withdrawal and isolation.
Suicidal thoughts, physical ailments, confusion and guilt.
Avoidance of school or reminders of the event. Problems at school.